The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 1: General introduction.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 4: Faceshields for the prevention of dental and oral trauma.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 5: Secondary prevention of dental injuries.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 3: Mouthguards for the prevention of dental and oral trauma.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 10: First aid education.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 2: Primary prevention of dental trauma across the life course.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 6: Education.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 8: ToothSOS app.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

Faculty of sports science students, physical education teachers, and athletes' level of knowledge and attitude about mouthguards.

OBJECTIVES: Traumatic dental injury occurs during sports competitions, training, and practice and can be prevented by the use of mouthguards. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of sports science faculty students, physical education teachers, and athletes about mouthguards. METHODS: Five hundred thirty-two participants were reached via social media. In the questionnaire consisting of 20 questions, questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were asked in part 1, and questions about their level of knowledge and attitudes about the mouthguards were asked in part 2. Descriptive statistical analysis and a chi-square test were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The number of people who think that mouthguards protect the athlete from traumatic dental injury is 381 (71.6%). The number of people who think that mouthguards affect the performance of the athlete is positively 228 (42.9%). To protect against traumatic dental injury, 51.48% of the participants preferred the custom-made; 39.3% of them preferred the boil-bite; 33.22% of them preferred the standard/stock type mouth guard; and 22.96% of them preferred the helmet, and 18.26% of them preferred the face mask. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and attitude of sports science faculty students, physical education teachers, and athletes are low about mouthguards. Since these people who are engaged in sports have a high exposure to traumatic dental injuries, education should be given to increase their awareness about mouthguards.

Prevention of Dental trauma.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur commonly in children and young adults with one in three adults having experience of a TDI to their permanent dentition. Although the management of TDIs have evolved vastly, the consequences of TDIs can still be profound and generally carry a high burden for the patient, family, or carer, as well as the clinician and healthcare services. Hence, prevention of TDIs where possible is key. It is important to ensure that all risk factors for dental trauma are fully explored to allow preventative advice to be tailored to each patient. General Dental Practitioners are well placed to establish a rapport with patients owing to the continuity of care that is commonly seen in dentistry, however, it is imperative that the appropriate questions are asked.This article aims to review dental trauma highlighting the significance of identification of clinical and social risk factors and prevention of TDIs. These risk factors are further divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors which can guide the clinician on what further action is required and when other members of the dental or medical team should be involved. The importance of patient education in prevention of TDIs, including use of mouthguards in sport, and mouthguard design will be discussed.

Global research trends of studies related to mouthguards and dental injuries in sports activities: a bibliometric analysis.

Mouthguards (MGs) are essential devices for the protection of sports-related orofacial injuries. Mapping of the literature on this subject may help to guide future studies; therefore, this review aimed to characterize the research trends of studies related to MGs and dental injuries in sports activities through bibliometric analysis of in vivo studies concerning the frequency of MG use; knowledge, awareness, perception, and/or attitude about MGs; and adaptation (fit) of MGs in the mouth and/or prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). A literature search was performed in 6 databases for studies published up to April 2022. Text mining and analysis software was used to extract and evaluate data related to the study author, country, keywords, journal of publication, and year. Additionally, data related to the type of study, outcome, study population, age group, evaluation method, type of MG, sport classification, and sport category were extracted and analyzed. Of 6140 records identified, 222 were included in the analysis. Most of the articles came from the United States (n = 39; 17.5%) and dentistry journals (n = 145; 65.3%). The journal Dental Traumatology (n = 60; 27.0%) presented the highest number of publications. Most studies were observational (n = 195; 87.8%) and evaluated the frequency of MG use (n = 163; 44.4%). Studies were carried out in athletes (n = 181; 82.6%) and adults (n = 169; 49.1%) using questionnaires or interviews for assessment (n = 206; 84.1%). Only 89 (40.1%) studies evaluated the type of MG, mostly involving contact sports. Custom-made MGs were most commonly studied. More studies involving coaches, dentists, and child and teenaged athletes are warranted to help prevent sportsrelated TDIs in young teeth, mainly through interventional studies on the perceptions of and knowledge about MGs among these populations.

Knowledge of traumatic dental injuries and mouthguard behavior among Croatian soccer players.

OBJECTIVES/AIM: Sports-related dental injuries occur frequently among athletes due to inadequate knowledge and prevention measures. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of active soccer players from all leagues in Croatia regarding traumatic dental injuries and the use of mouthguards. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 393 respondents completed a questionnaire-based online survey from March 2022 to April 2022. The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions divided in four sections: demographic characteristics, experience with orofacial injuries, knowledge of emergency therapeutic procedures for dental injuries, and behaviors related to the use of a mouthguard. RESULTS: Insufficient knowledge was confirmed by a total score of 2.8 ± 2.8 points, with a possible maximum of 11. Respondents' better knowledge can be associated with educational level (p = .002), playing position (p = .046), and personally experienced injuries to the face and jaw (p ≤ .001) and teeth (p = .022). Less than 40% of respondents suffered facial and jaw injuries while playing football and 18.6% suffered dental injuries. Although most respondents (93.9%) were familiar with mouthguards and 68.9% believed that they help prevent injuries while playing football, only 16% used them. CONCLUSION: The study revealed significant gaps in knowledge regarding dental injuries and the practice of mouthguard usage among Croatian soccer players. Therefore, it is evident that additional education is needed to prevent dental injuries and take proper procedures when taking care of them among the examined population.

Impacts of educational interventions on the knowledge of prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries in 11-17-year-old martial arts athletes: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: We compared the effect of an educational pamphlet and a mobile application regarding prevention and emergency management of sport-related traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) on knowledge and self-reported preventive practice of 11-17-year-old Karate and Taekwondo athletes. METHODS: Participants were invited through an online link published by the Public Relations of the corresponding federations. They completed an anonymous questionnaire consisting of demographics, self-reported experience of TDIs, knowledge of emergency management of TDIs, self-reported preventive practice of TDIs, and the reason for not using mouthguard. The respondents were randomly allocated to pamphlet or mobile application group with the same content. Three months after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by the athletes again. Repeated measures ANOVA and a linear regression model served for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In pamphlet group, 51 athletes and in mobile application group 57 athletes completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. At baseline, the mean score was 1.98 ± 1.20 and 1.82 ± 1.24 (out of 7) for the knowledge and 3.70 ± 1.64 and 3.33 ± 1.95 (out of 7) for practice in the pamphlet and application group, respectively. In 3-month follow-up, the mean score of knowledge and self-reported practice was significantly higher compared to baseline in both groups (p < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.83 and p = 0.58, respectively). Most of the athletes were very satisfied or satisfied with both types of the educational intervention. CONCLUSION: Both pamphlet and mobile application seem to be useful to improve awareness and practice regarding TDI prevention in adolescent athletes.

Prioritizing model trimming to prevent thinning during mouthguard thermoforming: Influence of increased height associated with an acute model angle.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The shape of the working model is one of the major factors affecting the thickness of thermoformed mouthguards. The aim of this study was to clarify the priority of model trimming to prevent thinning during mouthguard thermoforming. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mouthguards were thermoformed using 4.0 mm thick ethylene-vinyl-acetate sheets and a vacuum forming machine. Working models were trimmed so that the angles of the labial surface to the model base were 100°, 90°, and 80°. The posterior height was unified to 30 mm, and the anterior heights were 30 mm (A100-L), 35 mm (A90-M), and 40 mm (A80-H), respectively. When the sheet temperature reached 100°C, vacuum forming was performed. Six specimens were formed for each condition. Mouthguard thickness (incisal edge, labial surface, cusp, and buccal surface) was measured using a specialized caliper accurate to 0.1 mm. Differences in thickness reduction rate due to model shapes were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: At the incisal edge, there were no significant differences in the reduction rate of the thickness of the mouthguard according to model shapes. On the labial surface, cusp, and buccal surface, the smaller the model angle, the smaller the reduction rate of thickness, and significant differences were observed between A100-L and A80-H, and A90-M and A80-H. On the labial and buccal surfaces, A80-H was more than 7.1% thicker compared with A100-L and more than 5.6% thicker compared with A90-M, and the thickness reduction rate was reduced when the model was trimmed to an acute angle. At the cusp, A80-H was more than 4.3% thicker than A100-L and A90-M. CONCLUSIONS: It is useful to trim the model at an acute angle in order to prevent thinning during mouthguard thermoforming, even if the anterior height of the model is increased.